Nuevos sistemas de liberación de fármacos a nivel ocular
Resumen
Desde hace décadas, la administración tópica oftálmica de fármacos mediante el empleo de colirios ha sido la técnica más empleada para el tratamiento de patologías oculares. El desarrollo de la galénica ha permitido el uso y comercialización de nuevas formulaciones que incrementan el tiempo de residencia en el lugar de acción, como es el caso de las suspensiones, emulsiones y pomadas oftálmicas. Recientemente se han desarrollado nuevos sistemas de administración, como es el caso de dispositivos e insertos que proporcionan una cesión sostenida de principio activo. Algunos de estos sistemas ya se encuentran disponibles en el mercado, mientras que otros todavía están en fase de ensayo clínico, como es el caso también de los prometedores sistemas basados en nanoestructuras (nanocápsulas, ciclodextrinas, nanoemulsiones, etc.). De la misma forma, diversas formulaciones y dispositivos han sido desarrollados en el campo de la administración intravítrea, estando disponibles en el mercado europeo diversos implantes para el tratamiento de la degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE), el edema macular diabético o infecciones que afectan al segmento posterior. En esta revisión se recogen los desarrollos actualmente implementados y en fase de investigación asociados a las vías de administración oftálmica de fármacos tópicos e intravítreos.
Palabras clave
Referencias
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