Objetivo: Identificar y sintetizar los procesos y actividades realizados por el  farmacéutico en la farmacia comunitaria y hospitalaria durante la pandemia por  COVID-19.

Método: Revisión sistemática exploratoria en PubMed/Medline de artículos publicados hasta el 30 de junio de 2021, siguiendo las  recomendaciones PRISMA para este tipo de revisiones. Los artículos incluidos  se clasificaron según sus principales características y resultados, acorde con la  estructura: población, concepto y contexto. Los procesos y las actividades  identificados se agruparon en tres categorías: realizados en farmacia  comunitaria y hospitalaria, llevados a cabo esencialmente en farmacia  comunitaria y realizados esencialmente en farmacia hospitalaria.

Resultados: Se identificaron 629 artículos, de los cuales se excluyeron 454  por no estar en relación con el objeto de la revisión y 81 por los criterios de  exclusión; por tanto, se incluyeron 94 en la revisión y análisis. La mayoría de  los estudios se desarrollaron en Europa y Estados Unidos. Entre los procesos y  actividades llevados a cabo por el farmacéutico durante la pandemia, tanto en  farmacia comunitaria como en hospitalaria, destacaron: atención farmacéutica,  gestión eficiente y oportuna de los servicios, información y  educación, apoyo psicológico, farmacovigilancia y telefarmacia. En farmacia  comunitaria destacaron también los relacionados con la detección de COVID-19  y derivación de pacientes, inmunización en farmacias, recomendaciones de  cuidados en el hogar e indicación farmacéutica. Entre los procesos  realizados esencialmente en farmacia hospitalaria destacaron los relacionados  con la participación en investigaciones de tratamientos farmacológicos,  desarrollo de guías de utilización de medicamentos basadas en evidencia y  manejo de medicamentos en indicaciones no aprobadas.

Conclusiones: Durante la pandemia por COVID-19, los farmacéuticos han  liderado e implantado procesos orientados a mitigar su impacto en la salud de  la población. Atención farmacéutica, gestión eficiente y oportuna de los  servicios, información y educación, apoyo psicológico, farmacovigilancia y  telefarmacia fueron los principales procesos y actividades realizados en  farmacia comunitaria y hospitalaria durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Dichos  procesos y actividades buscaron, además de contribuir al control,  prevención y tratamiento efectivo y seguro de la COVID-19, asegurar la  implantación de medidas de bioseguridad, la dispensación y uso adecuado de  los medicamentos y la información y educación basadas en la mejor evidencia  disponible.

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