Uso de medicina complementaria en pacientes oncológicos sometidos a tratamiento quimioterápico intravenoso

Regina Juanbeltz Zurbano; Mª Dolores Pérez-Fernández; Bianka Tirapu Nicolás; Ruth Vera García; Susana De la Cruz Sánchez; María Teresa Sarobe Carricas

doi:10.7399/fh.10805

Uso de medicina complementaria en pacientes oncológicos sometidos a tratamiento quimioterápico intravenoso

Regina Juanbeltz Zurbano, Mª Dolores Pérez-Fernández, Bianka Tirapu Nicolás, Ruth Vera García, Susana De la Cruz Sánchez, María Teresa Sarobe Carricas

Resumen

Objetivo: La popularidad de la medicina alternativa y complementaria entre los pacientes oncológicos ha incrementado, pero aún se dispone de poca información acerca de su empleo en España. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia del uso de medicina complementaria en pacientes oncológicos adultos que reciben tratamiento en un centro autonómico español de referencia.

Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal llevado a cabo en un Hospital de Día de oncología durante 2 semanas de marzo de 2015. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos que recibían tratamiento con quimioterapia intravenosa. Las variables del estudio se obtuvieron a través de un cuestionario y de la historia clínica.

Resultados: Fueron incluidos 316 pacientes; el 32,3% estaba usando algún tipo de medicina complementaria en ese momento, y el 89% de ellos lo hacía a base de una ingesta oral de sustancias, principalmente hierbas y productos naturales. El 81% de los pacientes inició la medicina complementaria tras el diagnóstico, siendo la fuente de información principal familiares/amigos. El 65% refirió sentir mejoría, principalmente bienestar físico y psíquico. Los predictores significativos de uso de MAC fueron: ser mujer (p=0,028), edad joven (p<0,001) y un nivel educativo medio (p=0,009).

Conclusiones: Una proporción importante de los pacientes oncológicos que reciben quimioterapia intravenosa usan simultáneamente medicina complementaria, y esta consiste principalmente en una ingesta oral de preparados. Debido al riesgo de interacción con el tratamiento, es importante la formación de los profesionales sanitarios en este ámbito, con el fin de poder aconsejar a los pacientes acerca de sus potenciales beneficios y riesgos.

Palabras clave

Medicina complementaria; Cáncer; Quimioterapia; Plantas medicinales; Homeopatía; Prevalencia; España

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7399%2Ffh.10805